Stages of Development free essay sample

Stages of Development through a Time line, Birth to 19 Years. Physical, Intellectual, language and communication, social and emotional Development. (P. I. L. E. S) Contents Page Physical Development is one of the 5 areas of development that we can actually see such as physical appearance, the change in height, weight, body shape and physical movement such as reflexes, movement and motor skills. Intellectual (Cognitive) Development is also often referred to as Cognitive Development. Intellectual Development is strongly influenced by experiences from childhood. Intellectual Development is learnt by children being tough such as being shown colours, shapes, numbers and animals. Intellectual Development applies to almost all intake of knowledge of skills shown to the child fromvarious sources. Language and Communication Development begin before a baby is born, the unborn bay will respond to loud noises or distress by moving around in the uterus. The communication from a new born baby is through crying and quietening. We will write a custom essay sample on Stages of Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Different cries are used for different needs to be met. The carer does not take long to understand the difference in cries and communication. Language and communication can also be non verbal as well as verbal, this can include, body language and gestures as well as sign language and makaton. Social and Emotional Development is about learning to live with others, both our family and in general society and our families and friends play a very big and important part in this, The emotional development begins with the deep feelings between parents, carers and their children and comes from a process of bonding and attachment. Physical Development Examples of physical development within the normal characteristics are as follows:- 0-3 Months Natural instinct for primitive reflexes such as rooting, sucking, grasping and stepping movements when held upright. Will lie on back with their head to one side. Can hold her hands in a tight fist Can grasp a finger or small soft object if placed into the palm. 3-9 Months Can turn from their back to their side. Will use their arms for support when laying on their front. Will sit with support Will roll over from back to front. 9-18 Months Will reach out for a toy when sitting Will use the index, middle finger and thumb in the pincer grasp to pick up a small toy or object. Will lift and hold blocks but will release by dropping. Will stand alone and use furniture or aids to walk, this is know as cruising. 18 Months to 2 Years Can walk downstairs with their hands held. Will assist with dressing, undressing and putting own shoes on. Can walk up and downstairs with both feet on one step at a time. Starts to show a preference in hands and will draw circles and dots. 2 -3 Years Will build a tower of up to 6 bricks Will use a spoon to self feed. Will stand and walk on tip toes. Can thread large beads. 3-5 Years Can peddle a tricycle. Can draw a face. Will build a bridge or tower with blocks/bricks when shown. Can aim, throw and catch a large ball 5-7 Years Will dress and undress easily. Can do a 20 piece jigsaw. Can balance on a wall or beam. Has improved finer manipulation skills when building bricks and doing jigsaws. 7-12 Years Will have improved physical skills with practice. Has much steadier gross motor skills such as balance and bike riding. Neater skills using the pincer grasp to preform clearer letter formation and detailed drawings. Puberty will often begin to show and develop at around the age of 10 for girls. Growth spurts in height, weight and build to the human frame. Growth and increase in body strength, particularly in boys. 12-16 Years The brain will develop at a much faster rate. An increase in reaction times to situations. Development of co-ordination skills. Girls Puberty is under-way and is usually complete by the age of 14. Change in body shape and size. Periods have usually started by 16 years. Boys Puberty usually begins between the ages of 13 and 16. Stronger physically than girls Facial features are defined and sculpted. 16 – 19 Years Puberty is complete by 19 years of age. Has matured physically. Features of the physique are shaped and defined. Acting on sexual desires are increased. Intellectual (Cognitive) Development Examples of Intellectual development within the normal characteristics are as follows:- 0-3 Months Will blink into the direction to a bright light. Stares and fixes eyes on a main carer. Will cry when basic needs are not being met, such as feeding, changing and a nursing. Will follow the movements of a dangling toys/object. 3-9 Months Is increasingly curious of their surroundings. Is very easily distracted by nearby movements/sounds. Fixes sight on small objects, toys or main carers close by. Reaches hands out to grasp a close toy/object. Months Will look into the direction of falling toys within the range of vision. Puts everything in their mouth to explore. Finds amusements from deliberately dropping toys and objects to watch them fall. Will recognise familiar faces, places and objects from about 6 meters away. 18 Months to 2 Years Can copy and build a tower of approximately 3 bricks when shown. Will turn several pages of books at a time and can point to pictures on pages if named. Will point to objects outside such as passing people and transport. Will point to body parts when named such as eyes, nose and ears. Years Will copy drawings of circles, crosses and dots when shown. Can match 2-3 primary colours Will hold and paint with a large brush Can cut with scissors. 3-5 Years Can draw a man with a body, head, arms, legs and features Can name primary colours and match 10 or more colours. Can talk about an understand events in the past and future. Increased memory skills, such as previously visited places up to 7 months prior. 5-7 Years Can read simple books with basic words. Knows their full name, address and often special dates such as there own birthday. Can count up to 100 confidently. Begin to develop concept of length, weight, height, etc. 7-12 Years Can use a computer mouse and keyboard for simple word processing. Have an increased ability to retain information and pay attention and express their ideas. Seeks enjoyment from other types of activities, such as joining clubs and playing group games wit rules. Begins to understand the motives behind the actions of themselves and others. Begin to devise memory strategies. 12-16 Years Has developed the ability to think abstractly. Clear preferences for subjects and activities. Begin to have a clear ideas of their choices relating to future education and employment. Begin to understand and respect the choices and actions of others. 16-19 Years May lack in self esteem and skills to seek information and advice about themselves. May lack in self confidence about personal skills and abilities. Be seriously concerned or confused about their future. Can take in and integrate knowledge leading to decisions about their future. Language and Communication Development Examples of Language and Communication development within the normal characteristics are as follows:- 0-3 Months Cries when basic needs are not being met and require attention, such as hunger, tiredness, needs changing or general distress. Will react to sounds close to their ears by moving their head towards the sound and freezing to listen. Will often stop crying at the sound of a familiar carers voice (unless very distressed). Will Coo in response to carers talk 3-9 Months Vocalises when alone or being spoken to. Will laugh, chuckle and squeal aloud in play. Will vocalise for communication and attention. Will babble aloud and tunefully in long strings, making Dada, mama, gaga and goo. 9-18 Months Understands the words no and bye-bye. Knows their own name when heard. Will chant jargon in conversations and will include most vowel sounds. First recognisable word will start to appear, uses about 6-20 but understands many more. 18 Months to 2 Years Can use two words linked together to make a simple sentence, such as want cup and get toy. Can use round 200 words by 2 years of age. Will refer to their own name in communication and play. Will talk to themselves during play. 2-3 Years Has a rapidly expanding vocabulary, including plurals. Can hold a simple conversation with peers and adults. Enjoys repetition of favourite stories and catchy rhymes. Can count to 10. 3-5 Years Will imitate adult speech. Language can be understood by strangers. Can form grammatically correct sentences. Frequently asks questions such as why? what? and how? . 5-7 Years Speech is fluent and correct, using descriptive language wit confidence. Can give their full name, address, age and birthday. Has a rapidly expending vocabulary, usually around 5000 words by the age of 5. Can speak about past, present and future with a good sense of time. 7-12 Years Produces most sounds, with some residual difficulty with some letter groups. Will use and understand complex sentences. Are highly verbal and enjoy making up stories and telling jokes. Can read stories with increasing confidence. 12 – 16 Years Will continue to develop and expend on their speaking and listening communication skills. Will continue to develop and expend on their writing communication skills. Will use made up or slang words which are familiar and relates to their peer group. Will use a wider variety of communication, such as texting and email. 16-19 Years Will use their existing reading skills with full confidence. Will use their existing listening skills with greater care. Will use their writing skills with sophistication and pride. Will confidently communicate through other forms of media such as texting and email. Emotional and Social Development 0-3 Months Responds positively to main carer and gazes intently. Imitates facial expressions stares at bright shiny connects S at main carers 3-9 Months Smiles, engages and vocalises with carers as well as seeking attention Becomes more interested in social interaction Shows distress and fear of strangers at separation from carer Uses comfort object, such as toy, teddy or blanket 9-18 Months Very interested in surroundings Shows stranger anxiety and shyness Temper tantrums may start Will play alone 18 Months to 2 Years Starts toilet training Has little idea of sharing and a strong sense of self (mine) May show concern when others re upset Learning to be separate from carers for a short period of time. 2-3 Years May have close friends Greater social awareness Fears loss of carers Less anxious about separation 3-5 Years Responds to reasoning and negotiation as well as taking turns Can wash and dry hands and face as well as clean teeth Develops fears of ghosts and â€Å"things under the bed† Concerned about being disliked and having no friends 5-7 Years Are able to form friendships mainly based on similar personalities and interests Are very supportive of each other Plays in separate sex groups Increasing sense of morality, knowing right from wrong 7-12 Years Fairly independent and confident yet easily embarrassed Friendships become very important and often the same sex Concern over how others think/feel about them Often unsure about changes in settings 12-16 Years Body changes such as puberty and maturation can unsettle self esteem Wants to spend more time with friends tan family Per pressure becomes a more significant influence Need to resolve changes into adulthood 16-19 Years Relationships with family and adults can range from friendly to hostile May be in a single, romantic and sexual relationship Worries about failure and the future May appear moody, angry, lonely,confused and stubborn

Sample Essays on Aging

Sample Essays on AgingSample essays on aging are a lot of fun to write for a high school student or college student who is thinking about entering the academic world, or for anyone else who has a stake in aging research. For me, writing an essay about aging was especially interesting, as I am in my 70s now and find this topic interesting.The essay in itself is the same, as it talks about how being aged has affected me, the older you get the more you realize you no longer know as much. It may be hard to believe now, but I once loved to read books, went to plays, and had other things to do to get in shape and stay active. All of that went out the window when I turned 40 years old.Writing the essay has been somewhat painful, but the joy of it is learning about yourself and aging. As an example, I learned that my memory is getting worse, I see new things every day and can't make out things well anymore. My essay for this project came from all of these facts and emotions.Another essay I w rote for this project discussed aging in a medical setting, and in fact the essay mentioned a few instances where aging was the problem. That reminded me of one of my Alzheimer's patients who gave me a speech that changed my opinion about how Alzheimer's patients are treated. That's because her entire treatment plan is based on understanding what is happening to her body as she grows older.Of course, most essays don't start off with the person's story. In fact, many authors write three or four sentences about themselves and then spend several paragraphs discussing aging and the elements of the experience. That's just the way my heart goes, it's much more important to learn from others rather than to create your own story.The best part of writing the essay is knowing you have accomplished something that is meaningful to the reader. For me, I know I have helped educate others about aging as well as helping them figure out their own experiences. That's a big deal.I hope these essays he lp you make better decisions in selecting samples for your essay. Regardless of whether your personal essay is intended for college or high school students, you will find samples that help you in making intelligent choices.

Abolition essays

Abolition essays Abolition was the legal end of slavery. In 1820s most of our society supported that Africans be shifted back to Africa how they wished too. But about 1,400 African Americans considered American their home, but all of those people were free. In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison started his own newspaper called The Liberator in which he wrote about setting slaves free, without any payments to slaveholders. At First Garrison did not have much support but later on when his newspaper got more recognized he got more support. Unfortunally Garrison was hang on a rope by white people who opposed him. In 1829 a free black encouraged all African Americans to fight for freedom instead then wait for the government to change the laws. Not that many people really paid attention to him, but most still formed scores of antislavery. Frederick Douglass was an African American who knew how to read and write because of his owner, and he realized he could use that to be free. Frederick was inspired by Garri son and he became an enthusiastic reader of his newspaper, finally in 1847 he established his own newspaper called The North Star, which guided slaves to freedom. From the 1800 to the 1900 the slavery has changed a lot and it also almost equal on male and females. By 1830 most blacks spoke enough English to communicate unlike many years before and most of them were born in America. In the 1800s slaves lived in my opinion bad conditions they shared little small, overcrowded slave quarters, they didnt have much furniture only wooden chairs and tables. They worked on hefty plantations from early in the morning till late at night. There were some slaves that worked at the owners houses as maids or cooks. Which never had any time for them selves they were on call 24-7. By 1830s there was shortage of slaves on ships and in mills. Numerous numbers of women and children worked the identical jobs ...

IBM Business Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IBM Business Strategy - Case Study Example The contributing key success factors were : However, in 2002, with the achievement and success of its business model and the introduction of the new computing architecture like grid and utility computing, IBM made a high-profile announcement about its new corporate strategy centered on the concept of "on demand business". Unluckily, IBM's stock price plunged down and hit the lowest after the disappointing financial results in the first quarter of 2005 with sales increased by merely 3% from the previous year, far lower than many industry analysts' forecast of a 6% increase. It was some years after Sam Palmisano took over as chief executive officer (CEO) in March 2002. As a precautionary measure, the company announced an immense restructuring in its European operations. Even though there were improvements in the second quarter, some began to express their uncertainties and doubts whether the "on demand business" strategy would deliver the promised results. More distinctively, many started to question how and why such a strategy was accepted and justified in the first place. In order for IBM to remain competitive and ahead of its competitors in the increasingly crowded marketplace, a new corporate strategy called the "On Demand Business," was conceived. ... In an interview, Ginni Rometty, the global head of IBM's Business Consulting Services, talks about the on demand era and on demand business. "The on demand era is primarily characterized by change. Companies are being challenged to respond with speed to an increasingly fast paced and complex environment. Because the rate of change in this environment will become constant and unpredictable, adaptability and flexibility will be critical. Successful companies will have the ability to nimbly adapt to changes in their environment, from sensing and responding to the needs of customers in realtime to adjusting spending around market fluctuations. An on demand business is one whose business processes -- integrated end-to-end across the company and with key partners, suppliers and customers -- can respond with speed to any customer demand, market opportunity or external threat. In our research into the long-term business and technology trends affecting companies, IBM has identified four essen tial attributes of an on demand business: responsive, variable, focused and resilient. As companies move along the continuum between traditional and on demand business, they will more strongly exhibit these characteristics." On the other hand, we might wonder if this new strategy really works If this makeover is a success, why did the stocks of IBM plummet in the recent years Perhaps, there are loopholes in the process of implementation with this new corporate strategy. The result of my thorough investigation, analysis, and research showed that the critical issues involve here are Industry Development and Strategic Development. Industry Development. An Industry

Chekhov Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chekhov - Assignment Example 299). Byelikov is a protagonist of the story, â€Å"Man in a Case†. He was a teacher of classical language in a provincial school. To describe the character of Byelikov, the phrase out of the box would not be compatible but to call him a man in the box would be the most befitting phrase to describe his personality. In the story, Burkin narrates the tragic life and character of Byelikov to his colleague, Ivan Ivanovitch. And it is through his eyes that we get a gaze of the boxed man in the story, Byelikov. By nature Byelikov was solitary in temperament and was unsocial to a great extent. He was so irritating in his nature that his colleagues used to call him a spider and Burkin compared him to a hermit crab or snail and even to our pre-historic ancestors, who were contended being inside their respective dens (Chekhov, 2004, p. 299). His physical appearance was also symbolic that he always preferred to hide himself and his emotions from the outside world. Many people are introve rt but Byelikov’s nature was extraordinarily evident even through his body appearance (Chekhov, 2004, p. 300). Byelikov always put goloshes and a warm waded coat. He always carried an umbrella. His umbrella was always kept inside a case. He also kept his watch inside a case which was made of grey chamois leather.

Customer Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Empowerment Essay Example for Free

Customer Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Empowerment Essay 1. Should a company be happy or concerned if most customers are satisfied? Satisfaction of the consumer is one of the main goals for a company to achieve. Customer satisfaction is defined as the feeling that results when an offering meets a consumer’s expectations. Companies around the world are doing many surveys, in order to measure the satisfaction of their consumers because the importance of consumer satisfaction is one of the main factors for a company. According to the question, should a company be happy or concerned if most consumers are satisfied, the answer is concerned. The reason of this answer is that if all consumers would be satisfied then it is okay, but in this case not all consumers are satisfied, so there are some consumers who are not satisfied. The company should work hard in order to not leave space for concerns for these people who would be unsatisfied. These unsatisfied consumers would have a big influence on the company because these consumers express their concerns to other people and then other people might not want to buy anything from that company. However, one of the main strategies that companies use to achieve their goals of satisfaction is to influence the consumer’s expectations. Customer’s expectations should be very high because if the product or service doesn’t meet their expectations they would be unsatisfied and have a negative perception. Marketers should make their expectations a bit lower so the service or product would exceed their expectations and then customers would be very satisfied. An example of consumer satisfaction would be like this: I usually order pizza at the restaurant called Extreme Pizza so then they deliver it at my home. They always bring it on time so they never are late, and also the food is warm. I am very satisfied with the product and service they provide to me. However, one day I heard my friend complaining about a restaurant service and then I asked him why so, and I realized that he was talking about the same restaurant that I order pizza. He said many bad things about that restaurant, then he told me that delivery is always late so then the food is cold. He also complained that he pays much more money because his house is far away from this restaurant. Therefore, I think that the reason of this problem between my friend and that restaurant is that the location of the house, so it is normal if the delivery is late and the food is cold. However, my house is near the restaurant, so I don’t face these problems. In the end, the difference is that I am very satisfied with their products and service but my friend is not satisfied and told everyone about the bad issue he experienced with that restaurant. To sum up in other words, all companies should be concerned with that percentage of people who are not satisfied even if the number of these people is low because negative things are spread much faster to others and positive ones. 2. Create a loyalty program for AUK with the 4 positive effects in mind Loyalty programs are a type of sales promotions defined as the efforts to reward frequent purchases or consumptions of customers. Anyhow, we have to point out the difference between loyalty and loyalty programs. Loyalty is the attitude of customers for a particular brand. It is divided in two dimensions, behavioral and attitudinal loyalty. Behavioral loyalty is a degree where customer buys the product regularly and does not respond to competitors. Attitudinal loyalty is the degree where customer prefers or likes the brand. There are four positive effects of loyalty programs longevity effect, the blocker effect, spreader effect, and the accelerator effect. Longevity effect is the process of lengthening of the lifetime value of customers by increasing their switching costs. Blocker effect is the process of blocking out marketing communications from competitors. Spreader effect is the willingness of customers to buy related products from a marketer. Accelerator effect is the process where customers speed up to make purchases in order to get to the next level of their loyalty program offers. AUK Loyalty Program The loyalty program tends to encourage customers to buy a product and make customers come again to buy the product. In AUK, students not only can pay for their tuition but also for extra lectures such as cisco, summer program etc. Moreover, AUK could have a loyalty program in a way from those students who come from the same family and town. When a student attends AUK, then he or she will have a 50% discount from the actual price for cisco. Also, summer program is one of them that make a discount for AUK students each summer. Furthermore, AUK provides a 15 % discount of price for a second person from the same family and 30% for the third. Even though, all students of AUK would have the opportunity of 20% reduction in price for work and travel during the summer in the Unites States, with the company called â€Å"Zip Travel†. Therefore, this loyalty program would have 4 positive effects. One of the longevity effects is that AUK attracts students from the same family to join AUK w ith a discount in price. For example, I have a friend who joined AUK last year, which he has a brother here at AUK who is going to graduate next quarter. He told me that, he did not even think to come at AUK but his brother convinced him to make such a decision and attend AUK. Also, he mentioned that AUK offers a 15% discount in price for the second person of the same family. Maybe the discount and quality that AUK provides encouraged my friend to register in. The blocker effect is also included to the loyalty program of AUK because it provides for its customers extra courses such as Cisco located in the Blue Building at AUK. All students of AUK would have 50% discount in price if they want to take those IT classes. Therefore, when students hear about this offer, they do not bother to go somewhere else and take these classes because this offer with a cheaper price is all right. Therefore, this is how AUK loyalty program blocks out marketing communication from competitors. The spreader effect would be also included to the loyalty program of AUK. For example, I know a friend who participates in every summer program that AUK offers. He told me that, he is very satisfied with the lectures and professors of AUK and that AUK offers a discount for its students who want to participate in the summer program. These are the reasons why he enjoys taking every year classes at AUK during the summer season. Therefore, he is loyal to AUK and does not want to take summer courses in other countries as some students do. The accelerator effect is also one of the loyalty programs included at AUK. An example that AUK offers would be that if in AUK are three students that come from the same family, the second would have 15% discount and the third would have 30% discount. By this offer AUK attracts its students to invite its family member attend at AUK because of the price discount they offer to them. If my brother would come next year at AUK, he would get 15% discount in price, but also if in the following year would come my sister then she would have 30% discount which is a very good offer in attracting more people. In other words, the more people of your family, much cheaper it would cost to you.

Bill Gates :: essays research papers

Bill Gates On October 28, 1955, in Seattle, Washington a boy was born. This child would grow up to be one of the most successful people in the history of man. His name, William (Bill) Henry Gates. Bill a.k.a. Trey was a different child from the beginning of his life. His first five years were normal just like most kids. Once he turned six his parents would almost go crazy. He declared war on his mother and always talked back to her as in this example; She would call him up to dinner from his basement bedroom and he would not respond. "What are you doing?" she once demanded over the intercom. "I'm thinking," he shouted back. "You're thinking?" "Yes, Mom, I'm thinking," he said fiercely. "Have you ever tried thinking?" His mother sent him to a psychologist, after a year of tests and studies the doctor came up with a solution. His answer was, "There is nothing you can do. Just give up and live with it." Bill attended Lakeside School. It was a very nice private school. There he learned how to use a computer. His friend, Paul Allen and he would start their computer programming there. The first programs they made were a math program and tic-tac- toe. Bill and three other friends joined forces to make the Lakeside Programmers Group. Bill then went out to a store, which just received a new IBM. He convinced the boss to let him and his friends use the computer. In exchange, he would have to debug the computer. Bill got so obsessed in it that he went to the store late at night and worked on the computer! A little later that year, Bill attended Harvard. To most people there he was considered a snob and idiot. He would order pizza every day and go to many bars. In 1974, Bill and Paul Allen created BASIC, a computer language. MITS then bought a license to have the product. At the age of twenty-one, Bill dropped out of Harvard to work on Microsoft all the time. Within three months, MITS ripped up the contract. Bill found a person in Japan who would help him. Bill and Paul then set up a building in Albuquerque, New Mexico. They then renamed their company Microsoft. The original name was Allen&Gates. Bill loved New Mexico. He had his favorite Porsche, which he called Sand Buggy.